Math LeetCode Problems: All 485, With Python Solutions

Every problem in this library that LeetCode tags Math — 485 in total, 413 of them with a complete Python solution, a worked example and the time and space complexity of the approach.

485 problems
121 Easy
244 Medium
120 Hard

How Math problems are solved

A tag names the subject, not the method. These pattern hubs cover the techniques that actually solve Math problems — each one explains the approach, gives a Python template and states its complexity.

Math and Number Theory — Find the closed form, the invariant, or the modular identity — and skip the loop entirely.

Math problems by difficulty

Showing the first 200 of 485 problems. Problems with a complete Python solution are listed first, then by ascending problem number.

Easy (57)

#	Problem	Difficulty	Topics
9	Palindrome Number	Easy	Math
13	Roman to Integer	Easy	Hash Table, Math, String
66	Plus One	Easy	Array, Math
67	Add Binary	Easy	Bit Manipulation, Math, String +1
69	Sqrt(x)	Easy	Math, Binary Search
70	Climbing Stairs	Easy	Memoization, Math, Dynamic Programming
168	Excel Sheet Column Title	Easy	Math, String
171	Excel Sheet Column Number	Easy	Math, String
202	Happy Number	Easy	Hash Table, Math, Two Pointers
231	Power of Two	Easy	Bit Manipulation, Recursion, Math
258	Add Digits	Easy	Math, Number Theory, Simulation
263	Ugly Number	Easy	Math
268	Missing Number	Easy	Bit Manipulation, Array, Hash Table +3
292	Nim Game	Easy	Brainteaser, Math, Game Theory
326	Power of Three	Easy	Recursion, Math
342	Power of Four	Easy	Bit Manipulation, Recursion, Math
367	Valid Perfect Square	Easy	Math, Binary Search
405	Convert a Number to Hexadecimal	Easy	Bit Manipulation, Math, String
412	Fizz Buzz	Easy	Math, String, Simulation
415	Add Strings	Easy	Math, String, Simulation
441	Arranging Coins	Easy	Math, Binary Search
492	Construct the Rectangle	Easy	Math
504	Base 7	Easy	Math, String
507	Perfect Number	Easy	Math
509	Fibonacci Number	Easy	Recursion, Memoization, Math +1
598	Range Addition II	Easy	Array, Math
628	Maximum Product of Three Numbers	Easy	Array, Math, Sorting
728	Self Dividing Numbers	Easy	Math
762	Prime Number of Set Bits in Binary Representation	Easy	Bit Manipulation, Math
812	Largest Triangle Area	Easy	Geometry, Array, Math
836	Rectangle Overlap	Easy	Geometry, Math
883	Projection Area of 3D Shapes	Easy	Geometry, Array, Math +1
892	Surface Area of 3D Shapes	Easy	Geometry, Array, Math +1
908	Smallest Range I	Easy	Array, Math
914	X of a Kind in a Deck of Cards	Easy	Array, Hash Table, Math +2
976	Largest Perimeter Triangle	Easy	Greedy, Array, Math +1
989	Add to Array-Form of Integer	Easy	Array, Math
1025	Divisor Game	Easy	Brainteaser, Math, Dynamic Programming +1
1030	Matrix Cells in Distance Order	Easy	Geometry, Array, Math +2
1037	Valid Boomerang	Easy	Geometry, Array, Math
1071	Greatest Common Divisor of Strings	Easy	Math, String
1103	Distribute Candies to People	Easy	Math, Simulation
1137	N-th Tribonacci Number	Easy	Memoization, Math, Dynamic Programming
1154	Day of the Year	Easy	Math, String
1175	Prime Arrangements	Easy	Math
1185	Day of the Week	Easy	Math
1217	Minimum Cost to Move Chips to The Same Position	Easy	Greedy, Array, Math
1232	Check If It Is a Straight Line	Easy	Geometry, Array, Math
1252	Cells with Odd Values in a Matrix	Easy	Array, Math, Simulation
1266	Minimum Time Visiting All Points	Easy	Geometry, Array, Math
1281	Subtract the Product and Sum of Digits of an Integer	Easy	Math
1290	Convert Binary Number in a Linked List to Integer	Easy	Linked List, Math
1295	Find Numbers with Even Number of Digits	Easy	Array, Math
1304	Find N Unique Integers Sum up to Zero	Easy	Array, Math
1317	Convert Integer to the Sum of Two No-Zero Integers	Easy	Math
1323	Maximum 69 Number	Easy	Greedy, Math
1342	Number of Steps to Reduce a Number to Zero	Easy	Bit Manipulation, Math

Medium (103)

#	Problem	Difficulty	Topics
2	Add Two Numbers	Medium	Recursion, Linked List, Math
7	Reverse Integer	Medium	Math
12	Integer to Roman	Medium	Hash Table, Math, String
29	Divide Two Integers	Medium	Bit Manipulation, Math
43	Multiply Strings	Medium	Math, String, Simulation
48	Rotate Image	Medium	Array, Math, Matrix
50	Pow(x, n)	Medium	Recursion, Math
62	Unique Paths	Medium	Math, Dynamic Programming, Combinatorics
89	Gray Code	Medium	Bit Manipulation, Math, Backtracking
96	Unique Binary Search Trees	Medium	Tree, Binary Search Tree, Math +2
150	Evaluate Reverse Polish Notation	Medium	Stack, Array, Math
166	Fraction to Recurring Decimal	Medium	Hash Table, Math, String
172	Factorial Trailing Zeroes	Medium	Math
189	Rotate Array	Medium	Array, Math, Two Pointers
204	Count Primes	Medium	Array, Math, Enumeration +1
223	Rectangle Area	Medium	Geometry, Math
227	Basic Calculator II	Medium	Stack, Math, String
241	Different Ways to Add Parentheses	Medium	Recursion, Memoization, Math +2
264	Ugly Number II	Medium	Hash Table, Math, Dynamic Programming +1
279	Perfect Squares	Medium	Breadth-First Search, Math, Dynamic Programming
313	Super Ugly Number	Medium	Array, Math, Dynamic Programming
319	Bulb Switcher	Medium	Brainteaser, Math
343	Integer Break	Medium	Math, Dynamic Programming
357	Count Numbers with Unique Digits	Medium	Math, Dynamic Programming, Backtracking
365	Water and Jug Problem	Medium	Depth-First Search, Breadth-First Search, Math
368	Largest Divisible Subset	Medium	Array, Math, Dynamic Programming +1
371	Sum of Two Integers	Medium	Bit Manipulation, Math
372	Super Pow	Medium	Math, Divide and Conquer
375	Guess Number Higher or Lower II	Medium	Math, Dynamic Programming, Game Theory
380	Insert Delete GetRandom O(1)	Medium	Design, Array, Hash Table +2
382	Linked List Random Node	Medium	Reservoir Sampling, Linked List, Math +1
384	Shuffle an Array	Medium	Design, Array, Math +1
390	Elimination Game	Medium	Recursion, Math
396	Rotate Function	Medium	Array, Math, Dynamic Programming
398	Random Pick Index	Medium	Reservoir Sampling, Hash Table, Math +1
400	Nth Digit	Medium	Math, Binary Search
423	Reconstruct Original Digits from English	Medium	Hash Table, Math, String
445	Add Two Numbers II	Medium	Stack, Linked List, Math
447	Number of Boomerangs	Medium	Array, Hash Table, Math
453	Minimum Moves to Equal Array Elements	Medium	Array, Math
462	Minimum Moves to Equal Array Elements II	Medium	Array, Math, Sorting
464	Can I Win	Medium	Bit Manipulation, Memoization, Math +3
470	Implement Rand10() Using Rand7()	Medium	Math, Rejection Sampling, Probability and Statistics +1
477	Total Hamming Distance	Medium	Bit Manipulation, Array, Math
478	Generate Random Point in a Circle	Medium	Geometry, Math, Rejection Sampling +1
486	Predict the Winner	Medium	Recursion, Array, Math +2
497	Random Point in Non-overlapping Rectangles	Medium	Reservoir Sampling, Array, Math +4
519	Random Flip Matrix	Medium	Reservoir Sampling, Hash Table, Math +1
523	Continuous Subarray Sum	Medium	Array, Hash Table, Math +1
528	Random Pick with Weight	Medium	Array, Math, Binary Search +2
537	Complex Number Multiplication	Medium	Math, String, Simulation
539	Minimum Time Difference	Medium	Array, Math, String +1
553	Optimal Division	Medium	Array, Math, Dynamic Programming
556	Next Greater Element III	Medium	Math, Two Pointers, String
592	Fraction Addition and Subtraction	Medium	Math, String, Simulation
593	Valid Square	Medium	Geometry, Math
633	Sum of Square Numbers	Medium	Math, Two Pointers, Binary Search
640	Solve the Equation	Medium	Math, String, Simulation
650	2 Keys Keyboard	Medium	Math, Dynamic Programming
667	Beautiful Arrangement II	Medium	Array, Math
670	Maximum Swap	Medium	Greedy, Math
672	Bulb Switcher II	Medium	Bit Manipulation, Depth-First Search, Breadth-First Search +1
738	Monotone Increasing Digits	Medium	Greedy, Math
754	Reach a Number	Medium	Math, Binary Search
775	Global and Local Inversions	Medium	Array, Math
779	K-th Symbol in Grammar	Medium	Bit Manipulation, Recursion, Math
781	Rabbits in Forest	Medium	Greedy, Array, Hash Table +1
788	Rotated Digits	Medium	Math, Dynamic Programming
789	Escape The Ghosts	Medium	Array, Math
808	Soup Servings	Medium	Math, Dynamic Programming, Probability and Statistics
837	New 21 Game	Medium	Math, Dynamic Programming, Sliding Window +1
840	Magic Squares In Grid	Medium	Array, Hash Table, Math +1
858	Mirror Reflection	Medium	Geometry, Math, Number Theory
866	Prime Palindrome	Medium	Math, Number Theory
869	Reordered Power of 2	Medium	Hash Table, Math, Counting +2
877	Stone Game	Medium	Array, Math, Dynamic Programming +1
910	Smallest Range II	Medium	Greedy, Array, Math +1
932	Beautiful Array	Medium	Array, Math, Divide and Conquer
939	Minimum Area Rectangle	Medium	Geometry, Array, Hash Table +2
963	Minimum Area Rectangle II	Medium	Geometry, Array, Hash Table +1
970	Powerful Integers	Medium	Hash Table, Math, Enumeration
973	K Closest Points to Origin	Medium	Geometry, Array, Math +4
991	Broken Calculator	Medium	Greedy, Math
1006	Clumsy Factorial	Medium	Stack, Math, Simulation
1015	Smallest Integer Divisible by K	Medium	Hash Table, Math
1017	Convert to Base -2	Medium	Math
1033	Moving Stones Until Consecutive	Medium	Brainteaser, Math
1040	Moving Stones Until Consecutive II	Medium	Array, Math, Sorting +1
1041	Robot Bounded In Circle	Medium	Math, String, Simulation
1073	Adding Two Negabinary Numbers	Medium	Array, Math
1093	Statistics from a Large Sample	Medium	Array, Math, Probability and Statistics
1104	Path In Zigzag Labelled Binary Tree	Medium	Tree, Math, Binary Tree
1131	Maximum of Absolute Value Expression	Medium	Array, Math
1140	Stone Game II	Medium	Array, Math, Dynamic Programming +2
1201	Ugly Number III	Medium	Math, Binary Search, Combinatorics +1
1227	Airplane Seat Assignment Probability	Medium	Brainteaser, Math, Dynamic Programming +1
1237	Find Positive Integer Solution for a Given Equation	Medium	Math, Two Pointers, Binary Search +1
1238	Circular Permutation in Binary Representation	Medium	Bit Manipulation, Math, Backtracking
1247	Minimum Swaps to Make Strings Equal	Medium	Greedy, Math, String
1248	Count Number of Nice Subarrays	Medium	Array, Hash Table, Math +2
1276	Number of Burgers with No Waste of Ingredients	Medium	Math
1344	Angle Between Hands of a Clock	Medium	Math
1352	Product of the Last K Numbers	Medium	Design, Array, Math +2

Hard (40)

#	Problem	Difficulty	Topics
60	Permutation Sequence	Hard	Recursion, Math
149	Max Points on a Line	Hard	Geometry, Array, Hash Table +1
224	Basic Calculator	Hard	Stack, Recursion, Math +1
233	Number of Digit One	Hard	Recursion, Math, Dynamic Programming
273	Integer to English Words	Hard	Recursion, Math, String
282	Expression Add Operators	Hard	Math, String, Backtracking
335	Self Crossing	Hard	Geometry, Array, Math
381	Insert Delete GetRandom O(1) - Duplicates allowed	Hard	Design, Array, Hash Table +2
391	Perfect Rectangle	Hard	Geometry, Array, Hash Table +2
458	Poor Pigs	Hard	Math, Dynamic Programming, Combinatorics
479	Largest Palindrome Product	Hard	Math, Enumeration
483	Smallest Good Base	Hard	Math, Binary Search
564	Find the Closest Palindrome	Hard	Math, String
587	Erect the Fence	Hard	Geometry, Array, Math
668	Kth Smallest Number in Multiplication Table	Hard	Math, Binary Search
679	24 Game	Hard	Array, Math, Backtracking
710	Random Pick with Blacklist	Hard	Array, Hash Table, Math +3
780	Reaching Points	Hard	Math
782	Transform to Chessboard	Hard	Bit Manipulation, Array, Math +1
793	Preimage Size of Factorial Zeroes Function	Hard	Math, Binary Search
805	Split Array With Same Average	Hard	Bit Manipulation, Array, Math +2
810	Chalkboard XOR Game	Hard	Bit Manipulation, Brainteaser, Array +2
829	Consecutive Numbers Sum	Hard	Math, Enumeration
878	Nth Magical Number	Hard	Math, Binary Search
887	Super Egg Drop	Hard	Math, Binary Search, Dynamic Programming
891	Sum of Subsequence Widths	Hard	Array, Math, Sorting
899	Orderly Queue	Hard	Math, String, Sorting
902	Numbers At Most N Given Digit Set	Hard	Array, Math, String +2
906	Super Palindromes	Hard	Math, String, Enumeration
913	Cat and Mouse	Hard	Graph, Topological Sort, Memoization +3
920	Number of Music Playlists	Hard	Math, Dynamic Programming, Combinatorics
927	Three Equal Parts	Hard	Array, Math
952	Largest Component Size by Common Factor	Hard	Union Find, Array, Hash Table +2
964	Least Operators to Express Number	Hard	Memoization, Math, Dynamic Programming
996	Number of Squareful Arrays	Hard	Bit Manipulation, Array, Hash Table +4
1012	Numbers With Repeated Digits	Hard	Math, Dynamic Programming
1250	Check If It Is a Good Array	Hard	Array, Math, Number Theory
1307	Verbal Arithmetic Puzzle	Hard	Array, Math, String +1
1330	Reverse Subarray To Maximize Array Value	Hard	Greedy, Array, Math
1359	Count All Valid Pickup and Delivery Options	Hard	Math, Dynamic Programming, Combinatorics

When the Math problem arrives live

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