Leetcode #881: Boats to Save People
In this guide, we solve Leetcode #881 Boats to Save People in Python and focus on the core idea that makes the solution efficient.
You will see the intuition, the step-by-step method, and a clean Python implementation you can use in interviews.
Problem Statement
You are given an array people where people[i] is the weight of the ith person, and an infinite number of boats where each boat can carry a maximum weight of limit. Each boat carries at most two people at the same time, provided the sum of the weight of those people is at most limit.
Quick Facts
- Difficulty: Medium
- Premium: No
- Tags: Greedy, Array, Two Pointers, Sorting
Intuition
The constraints hint that we can reason about two ends of the data at once, which is perfect for a two-pointer scan.
Moving one pointer at a time keeps the invariant intact and avoids nested loops.
Approach
Place pointers at the left and right ends and move them based on the comparison or target condition.
This yields a clean linear pass after any required sorting.
Steps:
- Set left and right pointers.
- Move a pointer based on the condition.
- Update the best answer while scanning.
Example
Input: people = [1,2], limit = 3
Output: 1
Explanation: 1 boat (1, 2)
Python Solution
class Solution:
def numRescueBoats(self, people: List[int], limit: int) -> int:
people.sort()
ans = 0
i, j = 0, len(people) - 1
while i <= j:
if people[i] + people[j] <= limit:
i += 1
j -= 1
ans += 1
return ans
Complexity
The time complexity is , and the space complexity is . The space complexity is .
Edge Cases and Pitfalls
Watch for boundary values, empty inputs, and duplicate values where applicable. If the problem involves ordering or constraints, confirm the invariant is preserved at every step.
Summary
This Python solution focuses on the essential structure of the problem and keeps the implementation interview-friendly while meeting the constraints.