Leetcode #1412: Find the Quiet Students in All Exams
In this guide, we solve Leetcode #1412 Find the Quiet Students in All Exams in Python and focus on the core idea that makes the solution efficient.
You will see the intuition, the step-by-step method, and a clean Python implementation you can use in interviews.
Problem Statement
Table: Student +---------------------+---------+ | Column Name | Type | +---------------------+---------+ | student_id | int | | student_name | varchar | +---------------------+---------+ student_id is the primary key (column with unique values) for this table. student_name is the name of the student.
Quick Facts
- Difficulty: Hard
- Premium: Yes
- Tags: Database
Intuition
The task is relational in nature, which maps cleanly to DataFrame operations in Python.
By treating tables as DataFrames, joins and group-bys become concise and readable.
Approach
Load the inputs as DataFrames and apply the appropriate merge, filter, or group-by.
Select or rename the columns to match the required output.
Steps:
- Load inputs as DataFrames.
- Apply merge/groupby/filter operations.
- Select the output columns.
Example
+---------------------+---------+
| Column Name | Type |
+---------------------+---------+
| student_id | int |
| student_name | varchar |
+---------------------+---------+
student_id is the primary key (column with unique values) for this table.
student_name is the name of the student.
Python Solution
import duckdb
import pandas as pd
def solution(student: pd.DataFrame, exam: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame:
con = duckdb.connect()
con.register("Student", student)
con.register("Exam", exam)
return con.execute("""WITH
T AS (
SELECT
student_id,
RANK() OVER (
PARTITION BY exam_id
ORDER BY score
) AS rk1,
RANK() OVER (
PARTITION BY exam_id
ORDER BY score DESC
) AS rk2
FROM Exam
)
SELECT student_id, student_name
FROM
T
JOIN Student USING (student_id)
GROUP BY 1
HAVING SUM(rk1 = 1) = 0 AND SUM(rk2 = 1) = 0
ORDER BY 1;""").df()
Complexity
The time complexity is O(n log n) (typical). The space complexity is O(n).
Edge Cases and Pitfalls
Watch for boundary values, empty inputs, and duplicate values where applicable. If the problem involves ordering or constraints, confirm the invariant is preserved at every step.
Summary
This Python solution focuses on the essential structure of the problem and keeps the implementation interview-friendly while meeting the constraints.