Leetcode #777: Swap Adjacent in LR String
In this guide, we solve Leetcode #777 Swap Adjacent in LR String in Python and focus on the core idea that makes the solution efficient.
You will see the intuition, the step-by-step method, and a clean Python implementation you can use in interviews.
Problem Statement
In a string composed of 'L', 'R', and 'X' characters, like "RXXLRXRXL", a move consists of either replacing one occurrence of "XL" with "LX", or replacing one occurrence of "RX" with "XR". Given the starting string start and the ending string result, return True if and only if there exists a sequence of moves to transform start to result.
Quick Facts
- Difficulty: Medium
- Premium: No
- Tags: Two Pointers, String
Intuition
The constraints hint that we can reason about two ends of the data at once, which is perfect for a two-pointer scan.
Moving one pointer at a time keeps the invariant intact and avoids nested loops.
Approach
Place pointers at the left and right ends and move them based on the comparison or target condition.
This yields a clean linear pass after any required sorting.
Steps:
- Set left and right pointers.
- Move a pointer based on the condition.
- Update the best answer while scanning.
Example
Input: start = "RXXLRXRXL", result = "XRLXXRRLX"
Output: true
Explanation: We can transform start to result following these steps:
RXXLRXRXL ->
XRXLRXRXL ->
XRLXRXRXL ->
XRLXXRRXL ->
XRLXXRRLX
Python Solution
class Solution:
def canTransform(self, start: str, end: str) -> bool:
n = len(start)
i = j = 0
while 1:
while i < n and start[i] == 'X':
i += 1
while j < n and end[j] == 'X':
j += 1
if i >= n and j >= n:
return True
if i >= n or j >= n or start[i] != end[j]:
return False
if start[i] == 'L' and i < j:
return False
if start[i] == 'R' and i > j:
return False
i, j = i + 1, j + 1
Complexity
The time complexity is O(n) (after optional sort O(n log n)). The space complexity is O(1).
Edge Cases and Pitfalls
Watch for boundary values, empty inputs, and duplicate values where applicable. If the problem involves ordering or constraints, confirm the invariant is preserved at every step.
Summary
This Python solution focuses on the essential structure of the problem and keeps the implementation interview-friendly while meeting the constraints.