Leetcode #416: Partition Equal Subset Sum
In this guide, we solve Leetcode #416 Partition Equal Subset Sum in Python and focus on the core idea that makes the solution efficient.
You will see the intuition, the step-by-step method, and a clean Python implementation you can use in interviews.
Problem Statement
Given an integer array nums, return true if you can partition the array into two subsets such that the sum of the elements in both subsets is equal or false otherwise. Example 1: Input: nums = [1,5,11,5] Output: true Explanation: The array can be partitioned as [1, 5, 5] and [11].
Quick Facts
- Difficulty: Medium
- Premium: No
- Tags: Array, Dynamic Programming
Intuition
The problem breaks into overlapping subproblems, so caching results prevents exponential repetition.
A carefully chosen DP state captures exactly what we need to build the final answer.
Approach
Define the DP state and recurrence, then compute states in the correct order.
Optionally compress space once the recurrence is clear.
Steps:
- Choose a DP state definition.
- Write the recurrence and base cases.
- Compute states in the correct order.
Example
Input: nums = [1,5,11,5]
Output: true
Explanation: The array can be partitioned as [1, 5, 5] and [11].
Python Solution
class Solution:
def canPartition(self, nums: List[int]) -> bool:
m, mod = divmod(sum(nums), 2)
if mod:
return False
n = len(nums)
f = [[False] * (m + 1) for _ in range(n + 1)]
f[0][0] = True
for i, x in enumerate(nums, 1):
for j in range(m + 1):
f[i][j] = f[i - 1][j] or (j >= x and f[i - 1][j - x])
return f[n][m]
Complexity
The time complexity is , and the space complexity is . The space complexity is .
Edge Cases and Pitfalls
Watch for boundary values, empty inputs, and duplicate values where applicable. If the problem involves ordering or constraints, confirm the invariant is preserved at every step.
Summary
This Python solution focuses on the essential structure of the problem and keeps the implementation interview-friendly while meeting the constraints.